INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-BASED EDUCATIONAL VIDEO MODEL FOR CHANGES IN GINGIVAL HEALTH STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS

The health problem that adolescents often experience is dental and oral hygiene. RISKESDAS data for 2018, 57.6% of Indonesian people have dental and oral health problems. Gingival problems are common in adolescents. Lack of dental and oral hygiene causes gingival inflammation. Plaque, bacteria, and calculus that accumulate on the tooth surface are the leading causes of periodontal disease. Early detection that is carried out independently and providing solutions for patient prevention and treatment is essential. Media currently developing among adolescents is technology-based media which is increasingly creative and can be a solution for preventing dental disease and providing appropriate information technology-based


INTRODUCTION
information (Hidayat, 2014). Era 4.0 (digital era) is based on science and technology because science and technology will develop increasingly globally, so the education structure must-have aspects of science and three-dimensional applications. The use of an application using a smartphone is a modern service media that is currently very popular with children. Health services are carried out in an integrated manner through smartphones which include promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative approaches (Kuswanto & Radiansah, 2018).
Existing applications can support adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and skills in maintaining healthy teeth and mouth. The more attractive physical appearance in the media will be more motivated to learn, which can affect learning outcomes. A learning medium's beauty, attractiveness and interactivity will make children not saturated and receive the material well (Kuswanto & Radiansah, 2018). (Kuswanto & Radiansah, 2018) Behaviour change theory states that it takes 21 days to change a person's habits. The 21 days are divided into three stages. Namely, the first seven days are introductions, then the second 7 days are repetitions, where they enter the training stage. Then for the last seven days, it has been more towards strengthening where towards the expected stabilization of behaviour changes into a habit (Santoso et al., 2020).
Various kinds of media are used in health promotion to support the improvement of dental and oral health behaviour. One media that can be used is information technology-based educational video media. This media plays a role in providing education about gingivitis which is packaged in an exciting form to increase students' interest in learning further. Based on the description of the problem above and the existence of theories that support the importance of an information technology-based educational video model on the gingival health status in adolescents.

METHODS
This research uses Research and Development (RnD) methods to produce products and test their effectiveness of these products. The sample consisted of 28 junior high school students who were divided into two groups, namely 14 intervention groups taken from students of SMP Negeri 12 Semarang who were given an Information Technology-Based Educational Video Model and 14 control groups taken from students of SMP Negeri 21 Semarang who were given Education through PowerPoint. Sampling using purposive sampling techniques, namely the determination of samples taken based on inclusion criteria set by researchers, namely junior high school students who experience gingivitis based on examinations carried out before the study, and from the existing population, the number of samples is obtained-data collection using interviews, questionnaires, and GI observation techniques. Test the effectiveness of the data using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Information Collection
The information collection was carried out by interviews with the Semarang City Health Office, dentists at the Srondol Health Center, and dental and oral therapists at the Srondol Health Center with the conclusion of the interview results that junior high schoolage children are more interested in learning to use technology with an attractive and accessible appearance and are not dull. A suitable learning method for junior high school students is two-way communication, making it easier for children to understand information. Efforts for dental and oral health services are carried out by networking, then conducting counselling and providing referrals to children in need.

Design Build Model
This Information Technology-Based Educational Video Model was developed using the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) development system, planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This model was created to create promotive and preventive media and provide solutions to gingivitis. The substance in this model is a subjective examination, gingivitis education, prevention, and treatment. Based on table 1 shows that the p-value is 0.044 (p<0.05), which means that the information technology-based educational video model is feasible for changes in gingival health status in adolescents.  Table 2 shows that the mean knowledge before treatment, mean gingival index (GI), mean age, mean class, and mean sex of the intervention and control groups were homogeneous (p>0.05).

*Paired Sample T Test **Wilcoxon ***Mann Whitney
Based on table 4, it shows the results of the effectiveness test of knowledge pair data in the intervention group showing a significance value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05) meaning that educational videos are effective in increasing junior high school students' knowledge. Knowledge in the control group showed a significance value of p=0.004 (p<0.05) meaning that power point media was also effective in increasing junior high school students' knowledge. Strengthened by a delta value of 2.14 in the intervention group and 1.21 in the control group.
The results of the effectiveness test for unpaired data on the value of change (∆) show a significance value of p=0.041 (p<0.05), which means it is significantly significant, meaning that educational videos and power point media are effective in increasing knowledge in the intervention group and the control group.  Table 5 shows the results of the effectiveness test of paired attitude data in the intervention group showing a significance value of p = 0.002 (p <0.05), meaning that educational videos effectively increase the attitudes of junior high school students. Then the control group showed a significance value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), meaning that PowerPoint media was also influential in increasing the attitude of junior high school students. Strengthened by a delta value of 1.29 in the intervention group and 2.07 in the control group.
The results of the effectiveness test for unpaired data on the value of change (∆) showed a significance value of p=0.038 (p<0.05), which means it was significantly significant, meaning that educational videos and power point media were effective in improving attitudes in the intervention group and the control group.

*Paired Sample T-Test **Wilcoxon ***Mann Whitney
Based on table 6, the effectiveness test of the skill pair data in the intervention group showed a significance value of p=0.000 (p<0.05), meaning that educational videos effectively improved junior high school students skills. Then the control group showed a significance value of p = 0.007 (p <0.05), meaning that PowerPoint media was also influential in improving the skills of junior high school students. Strengthened by a delta value of 2.14 in the intervention group and 1.07 in the control group.
The results of the effectiveness test for unpaired data on the value of change (∆) showed a significance value of p=0.021 (p<0.05), which means it was significantly significant, meaning that educational videos and power point media were effective in improving skills in the intervention group and the control group.

*Wilcoxon **Paired Sample T-Test ***Mann Whitney
Based on table 7, the results of the effectiveness test of a gingival index (GI) paired data of junior high school students in the intervention group showed a significance value of p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), meaning that educational videos were effective in reducing the GI of junior high school students. Then the control group showed a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), meaning that PowerPoint media also effectively reduced the GI of junior high school students. Reinforced by delta values of 0.44 in the intervention group and 0.26 in the control group.
The results of the unpaired data effectiveness test of change value (∆) showed a significance value of p = 0.017 (p < 0.05), which means significantly meaningful, meaning that educational videos and power point media were effective in reducing GI in the intervention group and control group.

Model Results
The model results are in the form of information technology-based educational videos, one of the innovations in promotional and preventive activities for adolescents who experience gingivitis in supporting behaviour improvement towards gingival health status. The results of the model are as follows:

Variable Group
Mean±SD PretestPretest The prevention menu contains about how to prevent gingivitis which displays educational videos based on the symptoms.

Treatment Menu
The treatment menu for treating gingivitis displays educational videos based on the symptoms found.

Effort Control Menu
The effort control menu contains what is done in controlling gingival health by uploading photos on the application to see the development of gingivitis.

Information Technology-Based Educational Video Model For Changes In Gingival Health Status In Adolescents
My examination contains a summary of the examinations that have been carried out along with the efforts needed to deal with gingivitis experienced.

DISCUSSION
Adolescence is when dental health problems are experienced, such as gingivitis, due to a lack of oral and dental health maintenance. Adolescent children, such as junior high school children, still need coaching in maintaining dental and oral health because adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development, so coaching still needs to be done (Mardeilita, 2019).
Overcoming these problems is done by shaping the behaviour of preventing and treating dental and oral diseases in adolescents by using suitable media to achieve health counselling goals (Prasko et al., 2016). The method that is suitable to be used as a media is with a model that can provide information technology-based dental and oral health education in the form of android (Prasasti, 2019). The application of educational videos can be used as a promotive and preventive media that can support behaviour change, namely knowledge, attitudes, and skills in maintaining dental and oral health in adolescents.

The effectiveness of the model on the knowledge of junior high school students
Student knowledge was measured using a test about gingivitis totalling 14 questions in the form of multiple choice with a score of 1 if the answer is correct and a value of 0 if the answer is wrong during the pretest and posttest. Based on the results of the difference between the two data, it was found that the application of educational videos was more effective than the provision of PowerPoint media in the control group, judging from the delta value of the intervention group being higher than the delta value of the control group.
The educational material contained in this model is in the form of understanding the causes, effects and consequences of gingivitis which is in the form of a video that combines images and writing that is very interactive as well as the display of the model developed is very interesting in terms of appearance and use so that adolescents do not feel bored in receiving existing education. This menu has increased the knowledge of students.
Educational videos are also considered adequate because they involve many senses in their reception, namely being heard and seen (audio-visual). This helps students learn, which clarifies and facilitates the understanding of the language being learned, which aims to optimize the achievement of learning objectives in a short time by making students' interest in learning more motivated to practice what has been taught. Then educational videos also increase interest in student learning because students can listen and see the picture directly. This aligns with research conducted by Norfai and Rahman, which states that videos are effectively applied to students because the message conveyed attracts more attention, speeds up understanding, and makes students concentrate more (Norfai & Rahman, 2017).
Print and electronic media significantly affect a person's knowledge, so the public readily accepts various information (Femala & Ayatullah, 2020). Delivering health messages with interactive media to children through colour images, simple language, and videos is very useful to help children obtain information efficiently and entertainingly (Amalia, 2017).

The effectiveness of the model on the attitudes of junior high school students
Student attitudes were measured using a test of 10 questions with five answer choices based on the Likert scale, namely five values for strongly agreeing answers, 4 for affirmative answers, 3 for less friendly answers, 2 for disagree answers, and 1 for strongly disagreeing answers during the pretest and posttest. Based on the results of the difference between the two data, it was found that the application of power points in the control group was more effective than the provision of educational videos in the intervention group, judging from the delta value of the control group was higher than the delta value of the intervention group. However, both are equally effective in improving student attitudes.
A person's attitude changes due to a process of knowledge that increases from unknowing to knowing, then understanding and making attitudes change. A person's attitude becomes good after knowing you risk becoming sick if you do not change your health behaviour. Attitude is a shift in action but does not include an action or activity. Attitudes include evaluative predispositions that largely determine how an individual acts (Aurelina, 2021).
Attitude is an individual's reaction to a stimulus from a particular object that can cause opinions and emotions. Attitude is a stimulus to a known object by showing positive and negative attitudes. This is under research conducted by Prasetya, which states that the information in the media gives an inviting message which, if the message is strong, will provide a sufficient basis for assessing something so that a good attitude is formed (Fitri, 2019). Changes in attitude will form depending on the method used in conveying dental and oral health information messages. (Prasetya et al., 2019) The Effectiveness of the Model on the Skills of Junior High School Students Student skills were measured using a test totalling ten questions with a score of 1 if the answer was yes and a score of 0 if the answer was no during the pretest, pretest and posttest. Based on the results of the difference between the two data, it was found that the application of educational videos was more effective than the provision of PowerPoint media in the control group. It was seen that the delta value of the intervention group was higher than the delta value of the control group.
The educational video given to the intervention group is effective for the skills of junior high school students because the video used is packaged attractively and is a media that school children like, thus causing concentration when receiving education from the video so that it runs optimally and affects good understanding then encouraged to do things and information received from the video. The stimulus obtained from this educational video media stimulates the senses of hearing and vision of adolescents, which impacts the application of what is learned from the educational video to be applied in everyday life. Skills are also the response of the target self to his behaviour.
With the knowledge that children already have, they will also decide on their health behaviour. The excellent knowledge and attitude that has been taken will influence the child in acting. The existence of educational materials and prevention and treatment methods in this model causes students to know and then take good attitudes and actions in preventing or treating the gingivitis they experience. This is in line with research conducted by Mujahidin, which shows that skills greatly influence dental and oral health behaviour. Practical skills in dental and oral health are due to the awareness of each individual regarding oral health, which will have an impact if neglected. In addition, the actions taken by respondents can be assessed by their daily habits in maintaining oral hygiene (Mujahidin & Sampoerna, 2018).

The effectiveness of the model on changes in the gingival health status of junior high school students
The gingival health status of students is measured by conducting a gingival examination with a gingival observation sheet, namely the gingival index (GI), and then the score at the time of the pretest and posttest. Based on the results of the difference between the two data, it was found that the application of educational videos was more effective than the provision of PowerPoint media to the control group in decreasing the gingival index score seen from the delta value of the intervention group higher than the delta value of the control group.
The decrease in the gingival index score in students is because students have obtained information from the media about the impact of gingivitis is left and give a positive response to the material they receive so that they implement it in the maintenance of their daily gingival health. A better mindset will make them do the prevention and treatment of gingivitis independently, for example, by brushing their teeth properly and correctly and other ways of maintaining dental and oral health or checking their dental health with the dentist. This is under research conducted by Linasari and Karsal, which states that dental health maintenance habits such as brushing teeth correctly and adequately affect the severity of gingivitis in adolescents (Linasari & Meilendra, 2019).

CONCLUSION
Information technology-based educational videos have proven feasible and effective in their application to gingival health status, as evidenced by pre-and posttest data changes. The knowledge of junior high school students has increased in maintaining gingival health with the application of educational videos because the educational material contained in the videos is packaged in an attractive and easy-to-understand form and is developed according to the needs of students who still lack knowledge about gingivitis. The attitude of junior high school students has increased in maintaining gingival health with the application of educational videos due to curiosity and positive responses from students supported by good knowledge after receiving information that influences their attitude. The skills of junior high school students have increased in maintaining gingival health with the application of educational videos because, in adolescents, there is awareness about oral health which will have an impact if neglected. The gingival health status of junior high school students changed with the application of educational videos, which was marked by a decrease in the gingival index (GI) score before and after being given educational videos. This is because educational videos can inform students about the impact that can occur next if gingivitis is ignored. Hence, adolescents' mindset changes better by preventing and treating gingivitis.